Blood Cancer Treatment

Blood cancers affect the production and function of your blood cells. Most of these cancers start in your bone marrow where blood is produced. Stem cells in your bone marrow mature and develop into three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. In most blood cancers, the normal blood cell development process is interrupted by uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell. These abnormal blood cells, or cancerous cells, prevent your blood from performing many of its functions, like fighting off infections or preventing serious bleeding.

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Leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are types of cancer that can affect the bone marrow, blood cells, lymph nodes and other parts of the lymphatic system. See the Disease Information pages to learn more about the different types of blood cancer.

 

Treatment Options

After your loved one is diagnosed with a blood cancer, he or she will work with members of the healthcare team to determine the best treatment plan. Blood Cancer Treatment options vary depending on the patient's diagnosis, age, overall health, and other factors. The patient’s treatment plan might include

  • Watch and wait

  • Chemotherapy or other drug therapies

  • Radiation therapy

  • Immunotherapy

  • Stem cell transplant

  • Blood transfusion

  • Palliative care

  • Clinical trials

Blood cancer survival rates

A blood cancer prognosis varies based on the type and other factors, including your overall health, age and response to Blood Cancer treatment.

According to the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, the five-year relative survival rate (the percentage of people who were still alive five years after diagnosis) is 65 percent for leukemia—a number that has improved dramatically in the past 50 years. Other rates include:

  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 73.2 percent

  • Hodgkin lymphoma: 88.3 percent

  • Myeloma: 55.6 percent