Diabetes: Causes, Types, Treatments and Risk Factors

Diabetes is a disorder in which the body has lesser affinity to metabolize increasing glucose levels. It is unable to create enough insulin and hence, the blood glucose levels exceed normal ranges. The type of diabetes that is most prevalent is type 2. Nearly 95% of diabetic individuals in India are identified to have type 2 diabetes.   

Disorders include gestational diabetes and prediabetes which may be reversible. When blood sugar levels are greater than usual, prediabetes develops. However, the blood sugar levels are not elevated enough to be classified as diabetes. Additionally, if no preventative measures are undertaken, prediabetes might progress to diabetes. 

One can consult the best diabetes doctor in Hyderabad at Magna Center. A comprehensive analysis of prediabetic and diabetic conditions is provided by the skilled and excellent doctors at the center. 

Symptoms-

The severity of diabetes symptoms is influenced by blood sugar levels. Some people may not show symptoms, particularly if they have type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes frequently appear suddenly and are more severe.

• A greater than usual thirst.

• Frequent urination.

• Rapid weight loss

• Ketones are present in the urine. When there is insufficient insulin present, muscle and fat are broken down, producing ketones as a result.

• Becoming weak and tired.

• Irritated or experiencing other mood swings.

• Blurry vision

• Having wounds that take a long time to heal.

• Getting various infections, including vaginal, skin, and mouth infections.

Note: Diabetes type 1 can develop at any age. However, it usually begins in childhood or adolescence. The more prevalent kind of diabetes is type 2 which can manifest at any age. People over 40 are more likely to have type 2 diabetes.

Causes-

The exact cause of various kinds of diabetes is unknown. Glucose accumulates in the bloodstream in all of them. This results in inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas. Diabetes of either type can result from a mix of hereditary and environmental causes. 

Types-

• Type 1: It is suspected that an autoimmune reaction is what causes type 1 diabetes. The body's production of insulin is prevented by this reaction. Type 1 diabetes affects between 5–10% of those who have the disease. Type 1 diabetes symptoms frequently appear suddenly. Generally, it is discovered in young adults, teenagers, and kids. One must take insulin every day to stay alive and there is currently no cure for type 1 diabetes.

• Type 2: The body struggles to effectively utilize insulin in type 2 diabetes, making it difficult to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It usually takes years to develop, typically affecting adults.. If one is at risk, it is crucial to have one's blood sugar tested because one might not exhibit any symptoms. Healthy lifestyle modifications can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes. 

• Gestational diabetes: Women who have never dealt with diabetes before becoming pregnant can acquire this type of diabetes. The unborn child may be more susceptible to health issues. After the birth of the child, gestational diabetes disappears. It raises the chance of developing type 2 diabetes in later life.

• Prediabetes: Blood sugar levels are higher than usual in prediabetes, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. The risk of type 2 diabetes, stroke increases, and heart disease if one has prediabetes. 

Diagnosis- 

• Type 1 diabetes can strike a person in perfect health within a week to a month. However, type 2 diabetes develops very slowly, and one can recognize the risk of disease by monitoring the blood sugar levels

• Since type two diabetes is caused by faulty genes, most persons with the disease will have a family history. 

• A routine urine examination examines for differentiating between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, except for the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Acetoacetate can accumulate in the blood of people with type 1 diabetes, resulting in the deadly disease known as diabetic ketoacidosis. It may be fatal if left untreated.

Treatment-

Oral antidiabetic medications and significant lifestyle changes are frequently prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Some type 2 diabetes patients have extremely high blood glucose levels that are diagnosed with the disease when the HbA1c is greater than 10%, and have random blood glucose readings of more than 300 mg/dL. These people would require short-term insulin therapy before starting oral diabetes medications.

Complications-

Long-term consequences emerge gradually. The risk of problems increases with the duration of diabetes and the extent to which the blood sugar is under control. Diabetes problems could eventually become incapacitating or even fatal. The risk of cardiovascular diseases, nerve damage, kidney damage, retinopathy, foot damage, hearing impairment, skin and mouth conditions, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. 

If one is experiencing above mentioned symptoms, visit Magna Center for the best diabetes treatment in Hyderabad. Diabetes requires routine doctor visits and high-quality laboratory testing.