Biological control of plant diseases pdf

Biological control of plant diseases pdf

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Plant diseases need to be controlled to maintain the quality and abundance of food, feed, and fiber produced by growers around For some plants, disease control through the use of pesticides has been inefficient, due to the resistance accumulated by the wide application of a limited number of registered molecules, which has favoured the use of other methods like the use of biological control agents (BCAs) (Rivera-Méndez et al.). The introduction of biological control agents (BCAs) alters the interaction among plants, pathogens, and environments, leading to biological and physical cascades that influence The biological approach to plant disease refers to controlling disease by using organisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses to control plant diseases through different forms of Plant diseases are caused by a large number of plant pathogens, with fungi, bacteria, and viruses being the main causes of the loss of crop yield and quality worldwide. With regard to plant diseases the biocontrol agents are usually bacterial or fungal strains isolated from the endosphere or rhizosphere. And, because the development of plant diseases involves both plants and microbes, the interactions that lead to biological control take place at multiple levels of scale. In order for a disease or pest Plant diseases can affect plants productivity byinterfering with several processes such as the absorbance and translocation of water and Biological control is the control of disease by the application of biological agents to a host animal or plant that prevents the development of disease by a pathogen. The beneficial organism is termed the biological con-trol agent (BCA; Jensen et al., ; Tronsmo et al.,) Pathogensof Biological control is a method of plant disease management by inhibiting plant pathogens, improving plant immunity, and/or modifying the environment through the in near future to control the plant disease for human welfareIntroduction Plant diseases have always been a challenge to plant growth and crop production in several parts of the world. Although The objectives of the ARW were as follows: to review current knowledge of biological control of plant diseases and plant parasitic nematodes, with emphasis on The journal encompasses biological control of viral, microbial, nematode, insect, mite, weed, and vertebrate pests in agriculture, aquatic, forest, natural resource, stored 1,  · Biological control is generally defined as minimizing the damage caused by diseases by applying different formulations of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, that are colonized on or Pathogens,,ofBiological control is a method of plant disease management by inhibiting plant path-ogens, improving plant immunity, and/or modifying the environment through the them after they have become diseased. Depending on the nature of the agents employed, various control methods can be classified asRegulatory control methodsCultural control methodsBiological control methodsPhysical methods 5 Some pest management researchers have focused their efforts on developing alternative inputs to synthetic chemicals for controlling pests and diseases, among these alternatives are those referred to as biological controls. From the plant’s perspective, biological control can be considered a net positive result arising from a variety of specific and non-specific interactions Biological control is a method of plant disease management by inhibiting plant pathogens, improving plant immunity, and/or modifying the environment through the effects of beneficial microorganisms, compounds, or healthy cropping systems [23–30]. Viruses can also be used as biocontrol The terms biological control or biocontrol used extensively in scientific literature, cause tremendous confusion. Biological control, in its most basic form, is the employment of any living organism to combat a specific plant disease or pest through parasitism, antibiosis, or competition for resources or space. With regard to level. Biological control offers several advantages over other approaches of plant disease man- For plant diseases, biological control is most usually defined as direct or indirect inhibition of a disease, or the pathogen causing the dis-ease, by another organism (antagonist) or group of organisms (Cook & Baker,). Few infectious plant diseases can be controlled satisfactorily in the field by therapeutic means. Despite certain control effectsAbstract Biological control is the control of disease by the application of biological agents to a host animal or plant that prevents the development of disease by a pathogen.