How Long Does Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Surgery Take?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery is a highly advanced neurosurgical procedure used to treat neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and in some cases, epilepsy and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While Deep Brain Stimulation cost in India is considerably more affordable compared to Western countries, making it an attractive option for international patients seeking treatment. The goal of DBS is to implant electrodes in specific areas of the brain to regulate abnormal signals responsible for symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and uncontrolled movements. One of the common questions patients and families have is, How long does DBS surgery take?

Overview of DBS Surgery

DBS surgery typically involves two stages:

1. Implanting the electrodes (leads) in the brain
2. Placing the pulse generator (battery pack)

These stages can either be completed on the same day or on separate days, depending on the patient’s condition and the surgeon's approach.

Surgery Time: Stage 1 – Electrode Implantation

The first stage of DBS surgery, where electrodes are implanted into the brain, generally takes 3 to 6 hours. The length of time varies based on several factors:

• Preparation and Mapping: Before the surgery begins, the surgeon will use advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, to accurately map the brain and identify the target areas. This process ensures that the electrodes are placed precisely where they can have the most impact.
• Awake vs. Asleep Surgery: In some cases, patients are awake during the procedure to provide real-time feedback, allowing the surgeon to test the placement of the electrodes. This is done to optimize the effectiveness of the stimulation. However, many centers also offer “asleep DBS,” where the patient is under general anesthesia, which can impact the time of surgery.

Once the electrodes are placed, the surgeon may perform testing to ensure proper placement and stimulation before closing the incision.

Surgery Time: Stage 2 – Pulse Generator Placement

The second stage, where the pulse generator (similar to a pacemaker) is implanted under the skin in the chest and connected to the brain electrodes via a wire, is usually shorter, lasting about 1 to 2 hours. This stage can be done under general anesthesia.

Overall Time and Recovery

In total, DBS surgery can take anywhere from 4 to 8 hours depending on whether both stages are completed on the same day. After surgery, patients typically spend a few days in the hospital for observation, with full recovery taking a few weeks. Activation and programming of the DBS device occur later, once the patient has healed.

Deep Brain Stimulation surgery is a complex but well-established procedure with significant benefits for patients with movement disorders. Understanding the time involved helps set expectations and provides reassurance during the process.